The Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah specify times within which it is recommended to make supplications, I will inshaAllah briefly summarize some of these times and additional details may be sought in the text: Du’a by Yasir Qadhi (p. 120-136).
1. The Last third of the night: It is recorded that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “Our Lord – all Glory and Praise be to Him – comes in the last third of the night to the skies of this world, and He says: ‘Who is there that is making du’a, so that I can respond to him? Who is there that is asking Me, so that I can give him? Who is there that is seeking my forgiveness, so that I can forgive him?’” (Reported in al Bukhari #1145 and Muslim #758).
2. When the Adhan is called: It is recorded that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “Two are never rejected, or rarely rejected: the du’a during the call for prayer and the du’a during the calamity, when the two armies attack each other” (reported in ibn Majah and al Hakim). Anas ibn Malik also narrates that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “The du’a said between the adhan and the iqamah is not refused, therefore offer your du’as” (reported in Ahmad, abu Dawud and Tirmidhi).
3. In sujud: abu Hurayrah narrates that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “The closest any worshipper can be to his Lord is while he is in prostration, so increase your du’as in it” (reported in Muslim, abu Dawud and al Nasa’i).
4. After salah: It is recorded that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) was asked by abu Umamah al Bahili “O Messenger of Allah. Which du’a is the most likely to be responded to?” He said: “In the last part of the night and after the obligatory prayers” (narrated in Tirmidhi).
5. An hour on Friday: It is recorded that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “On Friday, there is an hour during which, if any Muslim is standing in front of Allah in salat, and asking Allah for something good, he will be granted his request” (narrated in al Bukhari).
6. Before drinking Zam Zam water: It is recorded that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “The water of Zam Zam is for whatever it has been drunk for” (narrated in Ahmad and ibn Majah).
7. On the Day of Arafah: It is recorded that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “The best of all du’as is the one given on the Day of Arafah, and the best statement that I or any of the Prophets before me have said is: ‘There is no other deity worthy of worship, He is One, and He has no partners. To Him belongs the Dominion, to Him is given all Praise and He is aware of all things” (narrated in Tirmidhi).
8. When it rains: It is recorded that the Prophet (may Allah exalt his mention and protect him from every evil) said: “Two are the du’as that are never returned: the du’a made when prayer is being called and at the time of rainfall” (narrated in abu Dawud and al Hakim).
And Allah knows best.
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